Transplantation of bone marrow or peripheral stem cells is part of the standard protocols in the treatment of haematological malignities and metabolic disorders and immunodeficiencies. From the aspect of compatibility of the donor and recipient of HCS agreement in five HLA locuses is decisive: HLA-A, B-, C-, DRB1-, DQB1-. The extent of agreement between the patient and donor in the HLA system which is the most polymorphous genetic system of man is reliably detectable only at the DNA level. Our department assesses the HLA compatibility for the needs of the Institute of Haematology and Blood Transfusion and the Second Paediatric Clinic of the Motol Faculty Hospital. Every year some 200 subjects are examined.

        Key words: transplantation of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCT) – main histocompatible systemHLA – genotyping of HLA allels