Complications of hemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas represent the most frequent cause of hemodialysis patients morbidity. Although the fistulas are easily assessed by ultrasonography, this examination is provided rarely. Using Doppler ultrasound the following hemodialysis access complications could be diagnosed: stenosis, thrombosis, aneurysms and paravascular complications, but also it is possible to calculate the flow volume. Review of ultrasound findings of these complications as well as measure of examinations is presented in this article.

        Key words: ultrasonography – hemodialysis – arteriovenous fistula