Renal transplantation is the only causal and already standard therapy in patients with severe and irreversible chronic renal failure. The aim of renal transplantation is to improve the quality of life and stabilize the complications associated with chronic renal failure and dialysis. The authors describe pathophysiology of chronic renal failure, historical context, indications for renal transplantation, perioperative care of patients with renal failure, choice of anaesthesia and postanaesthesia care in these patients.

        Key words: chronic renal failure – renal transplantation (from cadaver or relative) – general anaesthesia – combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia (CSE) – reperfusion changes – postanaesthesia care – imunosupression