Objective: We demonstrate the case report of patient receiving renal allograft and have developed rare Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) Plasma cell myeloma. Design: Case report. Settings: The Clinic of Hematology and Oncohematology, Faculty Hospital and Policlinic of L. Pasteur and Medical Faculty, University of Pavel Josel Šafarik, Košice, Slovakia. Resuslts: Transplant patients rarely develop plasma cell myeloma. We demonstrate the case report of a patient receiving renal allograft, who has developed it 19 years after the transplantation. The risk of incidence is estimated to be 20 times for renal allograft recipients as compared with the normal population. According to literature our patient had lateoccuring, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) – negative monomorphic post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder. Thalidomide and dexamethasone combined therapy was effective with acceptable toxicity. It was not possible to reduce the longterm immunosuppressive regimen because of graft rejection according to nephrologists. Conclusion: PTLD is a lymphoid proliferation or lymphoma that develops as a consequence of immunosuppression in a recipient of a solid organ or haematopoietic stem cells allograft. The risk of lymphoma varies depending on the type allograft and immunosuppressive regimen and has been linked to both defective immune surveillance and chronic antigenic stimulation from the engrafted organ. The majority of cases are associated with EBV infection. The mortality of PTLD in solid organ allograft recipients is approximately 60%, while that of haematopoietic stem cells recipients is 80%. With early diagnosis, prompt reduction of immune suppression, and careful administration of therapy, the prognosis has improved.

        Key words: transplant lymphoproliferative disorder, immunosuppression, Epstein-Barr virus, plasma cell myeloma.