In about one third of patients with AIDS affections of the CNSdevelop. They include direct affections of the cerebral tissue by the HIV virus and the development of infectious, opportune and tumourous diseases. Author’s group comprises 10 patients with the syndrome of acquired immunodeficiency. In one patient HIV encephalitis was involved, in one instance cryptococcal meningitis, twice toxoplasmosis, twice a malignant lymphoma and four times progressive multifocal leukoencephali- tis. All patients were subjected to CT examinations where the findings were readily evaluated. However, relatively extensive findings were involved where CT examination was sufficient. Other- wise the basic diagnostic examination method is magnetic resonance which makes it possible to detect also substantially smaller focal changes. The objective of the authors was to draw attention to the most frequently encountered affections of cerebral tissue in these patients. It may be assumed that at radiological departments also HIV positive patients may be examined where the disease was not previously diagnosed.

        Key words: HIV/AIDS - HIV encephalopathy - toxoplasmosis - lymphoma - progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy