Struma is only one of the manifestations in a series of thyreopathies (thyroid pathologies), developing on the basis of iodine insufficiency, disorders in hormonogenesis and immune diseases of thyroid gland. A timely and correct diagnosis is the basic prerequisite for correct treatment, which may be difficult and long-term in relation to the type of the disease, but is eventually successful in most cases. The development of molecular genetic studies and their resultsmake it possible to reveal various diseases, especially the pathogenesis of congenital hypothyreosis (hypothyroidism) at themolecular level, to disclose the complexity of changes and to obtain the pieces of knowledge and a new view of the disease. A complex survey of a whole series of thyroid pathologies connected with the occurrence of struma is completed with a gradual algorithm of therapy.

        Key words: struma, iodine deficiency, dyshormonogenesis, autoimmune thyroid pathology, therapy