Objective. The most frequent thyroid syndromes – hypothyroidism and thyrotoxicosis - are often accompanied with menstrual disturbances. The aim of this study was to summarize knowledge of physiology, pathology and clinical aspects of both thyroidal and gonadal axis interactions. Subject. A review. Setting. Department of Pathological Physiology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague. Conclusion. About 25% female infertility and 15% menstrual cycle disorders result from thyroid dysfunction. Particularly, the subclinical hypothyroidism has a high prevalence in the population; therefore, thyroid function must be examined in female with unclear infertility or menstrual disturbances. The next overlap of thyroid disorders and gynaecology represents iodine-131 use for differentiated thyroid carcinoma in fertile age with aspects to ovarian failure and gestational risk.

        Key words: estrogens, hypothyroidism, menstrual cycle, prolactin, thyroid gland, thyrotoxicosis, thyroxin.