Basic knowledge about prolactin and different aspects of prolactin increase with typical antipsychotics are reviewed. Out of atypical antipsychotics a special attention is paid to resperidone, which is connected, similarly as amisulpride, with hyperprolactinemia. The relationship between prolactinemia and schizophrenic symptoms and treatment response respective change of prolactinemia during antipsychotic treatment and treatment response is also summarized. Clinical symptoms of hyperprolactinemia and treatment possibilities are described. The sexual dysfunction, which may cause non-compliance, is partially connected with prolactin increase, but all manifestations of sexual dysfunction in patients suffering from schizophrenia cannot be attributed to prolactin increase. Prospective follow-up studies aimed at dynamic of prolactinemia and occurrence of sexual dysfunction with atypical antipsychotics, are lacking.

        Key words: prolactin, hyperprolactinemia, antipsychotics, schizophrenia, side effects, sexual dysfunction.