As an introduction of the review article, short history of the diagnosis of childhood autism was described. Current opinions on epidemiology and etiology of childhood autism were summarized. Description of the basic psychopathology was given: onset of symptoms, abnormal sociál interaction, abnormal communication and play, and restricted, stereotyped patterns of behavior and interests. Diagnostic and differential diagnostic issues were discussed. Suggested diagnostic proceduře was displayed in a graphic algorithm, and the key position of a child psychiatrist in coordination of the diagnostic process was stressed. An overview of comorbid disorders was given, and remarks on the course and prognosis of childhood autism were made. A brief overview of pharmacotherapy of autism was added to the review.

        Key words: childhood autism, history, epidemiology, etiology, psychopathology, the-rapy