Acute conditions in nephrology are situations when treatment of the diagnosis and immediate therapeutic procedures to prevent damage of the kidneys and urogenital tract are urgent. Most important are conditions associated with oligoanuria or polyuria, vascular diseases with an acute course, acute obstructions of the urinary pathways and acute conditions in dialyzed and transplanted patients. An important group is also toxoallergic damage caused by drugs.

        Key words: Acute conditions - Oliguria and Polyuria - Obstruction of the vascular and urinary pathways - Dialysis - Transplantation -Toxoallergy