Objective : Discuss prevalence, risk factors, pathophysiology, symptoms, complications and therapy of OHSS. Design: A review article. Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General faculty Hospital, Charles University, Prague. Subject and methods: A review from literature and bibliographic databases. Results: OHSS is an iatrogenic complication of ovarian stimulation. We still can not completely explain the pathophysiology of OHSS. The therapy is based on symptomatic approach. To prevent OHSS, the hCG should not be given to induct the ovulation, or we should not transfer embryos during the IVF-stimulated cycle.

        Key words: OHSS, treatment for OHSS, prevention of OHSS