Kidney transplantation is the most effeetive treatment of chronic kidney failure. Its results are influeneed by a number of factors. One of the most significant, being the period of waiting for the intervention. Prolon-gation of that period brings worse results. The best is a preemptive transplantation before dialysis treatment is necessary. Since 2005, in the Czech Republic, it is possible to include in the waiting list for transplanta¬tion from deceased donors even patients who had not been dialysed yet. Preliminary experience at our cen¬ter shows that thanks to a very short waiting period, in a number of patients transplantation can be feasible without the necessity of previous dialysis.

        Key words: preemptive - kidney transplantation - kidney failure