The authors describe the diagnostic procedures related to complications following thoracic wall trauma. Two cases reports are based on the late diagnosis of posttraumatic pneumothorax and hemothorax, respectively. In the theoretical part, factors increasing the probability of those complications are discussed. There is stressed the need for continuous monitoring of patients prone to those complications. The value of repeated chest radiographs is emphasized, along with physical examinations and laboratory tests. Indications for chest drainage for therapeutic intervention are discussed along with its prophylactic function.

        Key words: thoracic trauma – pneumothorax – hemothorax – chest drainage