Psychotherapy is an effective method ušed to decrease emotional distress. The recent studies using neuroimaging methods bring an evidence of similar changes in CNS in depression, stress and traumatic disorders and eating disorders. The functional and structural consequences of stress in CNS result in clinical symptoms of stress reactions, as we know it in our patients. The article explains the heuristic model of neurobiological mechanisms of trauma and retraumatization formulated on base of recent neuroimaging studies. The conscious processing and reprocessing of emotional experiences is a key factor of relapse prevention in depression and posttraumatic stress disorder. The effective psychotherapy leads to normalization of metabolism of basic structures CNS, especially the limbic systém and para-hippocampal region, insula and prefrontal cortex. Psychotherapy is able to change the function of the brain and boosts the functioning of these structures of the bra-in enabling to better equalize the emotional disturbance and more effectively process the recent incoming stimuli.

        Key words: Psychotherapy - neurobiological mechanism — trauma - retraumatization