Rhabdomyolysis is a syndrome characterized by striated muscle necrosis and the release of intracellular muscle constituents into the circulation. The severity of illness ranges from asymptomatic elevations of muscle enzymes in the serum to life-threatening cases associated with extreme enzyme elevations, electrolyte imbalances, and acute renal failure. This chapter reviewes recent knowledge of pathophysiologic mechanisms leading to myocytes injury, discusses its causes, consequences and treatment options. Particular attention is focused on rhabdomyolysis in critically ill patients.

        Key words: Rhabdomyolysis - Myoglobin - Crush syndrome - Shock - Sepsis - Acute renal failure