The paper evaluates the results of the treatment of patients suffering from acquired aplastic anemia. Ten children with median age of 12 years were treated with HLA 6/6 identical twin transplantation of hematopoietic elements. Twenty-one children with median age of 11 years were subjected to immunosuppressive therapy. The survival in the group of transplanted patients is 80%. A relapse of the disease affected two patients after immunosuppressive therapy, survival in this group being 86%. None of the patients treated with either therapy has been affected by a clonal hematological disease.

        Key words: acquired aplastic anemia, transplantation of hematopoietic cells, combined immunosuppressive therapy