Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (alloBMT) represents an important part of the therapeutic approaches in many malignant as well as non-malignant hematological diseases. For some of them it represents the only curative strategy available, in others it may improve the outcome of treatment in high-risk stages. Curative potential of alloBMT consists of the curative potential of cytostatic activity of the pre-transplantation treatment and of so-called graft versus leukaemia effect (GVL), which is mediated by transplanted lymphocytes. GVL seems to be one of the most effective mechanisms in the treatment of many hematological malignancies and it is therefore studied in the context of the nonmyeloablative transplantations (minitransplantations).

        Key words: allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, cytostatic activity, pre-transplantation treatment, leukaemia. Ví.