Abscess of thyroid gland is a rare disease. The origin of the thyroid gland abscess is connected witha preceding inflammatory disease localized especially in upper respiratory pathways, swallowing passages, fistulas of recesus piriformis and developmental defects of the third or forthgill plica, exceptionally with persisting ductus thyreoglossus. The reports published so far summarize data on the incidence, etiology, symptoms, complications, diagnosis and management of abscesses of thyroid gland. The paper presents two cases of patients with abscess of thyroid gland, a 36-year man and a 24-year woman. Symptoms, diagnostic procedure and therapy are described. The abscess of thyroid gland develops rarely. In the case of relapsing abscesses it is necessary to look for a fistula of the piriform recesus. Surgery is the therapy of choice for abscesses of thyroid gland - incision (or hemithyreoidectomy) is accompanied by a perfect drainage. The surgery is accompanied by the administration of antibiotics according to sensitivity determined by bacteriological examination. After the abscess is healed up, the presence of fistula of the piriform recesus should be excluded in all patients.

        Key words: abscess of thyroid gland, fistula or recesus piriformis, complications, diagnosis.