The Czech Republic still belongs to countries with high cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Although mortality has been decreasing in recent years, it is due to better secondary prevention and treatment rather than to primary preventive measures. There has improved catheter intervention as well as surgical therapy. There has likewise increased significantly the number of patients suffering hyperlipoproteinemia who are being treated adequately with pharmaceutics. It has been demonstrated that the atherosclerotic process begins in childhood and there is no doubt that the most rational is effective prevention of atherosclerosis risk factors namely right off from childhood. In the article there is presented a review of the incidence of separate risk factors in childhood and options of revealing them and for intervention measures.

        Key words: atherosclerosis - atherosclerosis risk factors - childhood.