Background: Prognosis of higher stages of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is very poor. Only 13% of patients in stage IIIA survive 5 years after the diagnosis determination. The purpose of neoadjuvant (inductive) therapy is to eliminate haematogenous and lymphogenous metastases and to cause a cytoreduction in the primary tumor before the resection. Especially detection of lymphogenous metastases is the main factor in the indication of the pre-operative chemotherapy, but this therapy is frequently indicated according to CT without any bioptic verification. The authors suppose such a discrepancy in radiological and histo-pathological staging to influence in a positive sense rather optimistic results of therapeutic protocols, which include the pre-operative chemotherapy Methods: A biopsy of the lymph nodes was performed as a part of the staging. If the metastasis was proved, the lymph node was labeled and the patient was treated by 3 cycles of the pre-operative chemotherapy. The 57 labeled lymph nodes were removed during the subsequent lung resection and lymphadenectomy. An analysis of regressive alterations in the lymphatic metastases of lung cancer after an inductive chemotherapy and comparison with the pre-operative bioptic findings have quantificated the chance of the inductive therapy to eliminate lymphatic metastases. Results: The clinical down-staging was stated in 21 cases (36.8%), but the viable malignant cells rested in the majority 50 (87.7%) of the taken labeled lymph nodes 57 (100 %) even after the neoadjuvant therapy. On the other hand, the satisfactory tumor regression changes was proven in 49 (86%) lymphatic metastases. Conclusin: The results of the study may modify an indicating judgment in the therapy of locally advanced stages of lung cancer because it has brought a new view to the results of neoadjuvant therapy.

        Key words: