Paper presents brief history of the research in the field of heart transplantation in the Czech Republic and in the word. Indication criteria for the transplantation, operation technique, post operation treatment and long-term results are reviewed. It is considered that the heart transplantation became the routine clinical method, indicated to patients with irreversible heart failure when all other method of treatment had failed. The long-term survival is between 60 to 70 %.

        Key words: heart transplantation, cardiomyopathy.