Primary hyperparathyroidism is a generalized disorder of calcium-phosphate metabolism resulting from excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH). The number of primary hyperparathyroidism cases has increased since the introduction of multi-channel biochemical testing with calcium and reliable immunoassays for PTH are routinely available. If surgery becomes an option, in addition to accurate biochemical testing, precise localization of a single or multiple abnormal parathyroid glands is necessary. A range of preoperative or peroperative localization methods is available. A combination of sestamibi scanning with neck ultrasound examination seems to be the best choice. Surgical treatment of the primary hyperparathyroidism, carried out by an experienced surgeon, leads to the effective, safe and definitivě correction of the disorder.

        Key words: primary hyperparathyroidism, parathyroid gland, preoperative localization techniques, ultrasonography.