The study observed the morbidity of children in preschool age (1996 - 1997) included in the project ELSPAC (European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood) held by WHO in several European countries. The set consists of children born within 1991 and 1992 who had their permanent habitation in districts Brno and Znojmo. The study observed their morbidity rate from three to five years of age, the most frequent diagnoses of acute diseases, the range of used antibiotics, frequently occuring chronical diseases and the morbidity rate in relationship with the age, sex and habitation. Higher occurence of some diseases in children within the given period (for example respiratory diseases, allergic reactions, children infectious diseases, developmental speech disorders etc.) was found in Brno when compared to Znojmo district as well as the difference in morbidity rate of boys and girls. The higher occurence of speech disorders and injuries was found in boys of given age, while higher occurrence of urinary infections was found in girls. The number of curative visits increased together with the age (especially in case of respiratory diseases and diarrhoea). The hospitalisation took place themost often in case of children in suckling age, five years old children have followed. The injury rate of children showed sharp linear growth till the age of three, after this age its level remained the same. Due to treatment, the number of some chronical diseases at the age of five (eczema, strabismus, hypertrophy of tonsils) has decreased.

        Key words: child, morbidity, preschool age, ELSPAC