Recent studies have proved the importance of immune mechanisms participating in the genesis and progression of atherosclerosis. This review depicts the role of macrophages and the mode of their activation, the part of cytokines and T lymphocytes. Elevation of C-reactive protein and other acute phase reactants is a newly discovered characteristic of the atherosclerotic process, and their importance has been demonstrated in extensive epidemiological trials. It is now recognized that subclinical inflammation (as a consequence of an activation of immune system) can be caused by several factors: damage by acute inflammation, chronic infections, autoimmune damage (Hsp60). Genetic determination of the immune system reactivity has been intensively studied.

        Key words: atherosclerosis, inflammation, immune system, risk factors, infection, genetics.