The contribution contains an overview of former and current theories concerning the ethiology of wedge-shaped defects. Hypothesis attempting to explain these defects as a result of traumatic occlusion is critised. Based on comprehensive study of documents and archaeological material concerning oral hygiene history, it can be concluded that the appea- rance of dental hard tissues lesions has always been closely linked with the development of oral hygiene implements and cleaning methods. It seems to be evident that a new type of defect with wedge-shaped profile began to occur, since the toothbrush had been invented and has replaced the implements formerly used.

        Key words: wedge-shaped defects – artificial abrasion – erosion – traumatic occlusion – oral hygiene history