The author draws attention to the importance of the development of neurosciences for psychiatry in particular for studies of biological aspects of mental disorders. She presents a review of methods which contribute to research of biological markers. Sufficiently sensitive and specific biological markers will contribute to the elucidation of the etiopathogenesis, objective diagnostics and prediction of the effectiveness of treatment. Emphatic enforcement of new findings into clinical practice will contribute to a more favourable position of psychiatry within the framework of medicine and society.

        Key words: psychiatry, neurosciences, biological markers.