Since thirties of the previous the highly toxic organophosphorus compound called nerve agents have been considered the most dangerous chemical warfare agents tkat could be misused in local and world wars or during terrorist attacks. Beside the historical introduction, the article summarizes contemporary knowledge on the mechanistu of toxicity of these agents, on the possibilities of diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment. The possibility of using similar methods of diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment for acute poisoning with organophosphorus insecticides is also mentioned.

        Key words: tabun, sarin, soman, VX, acetylcholinesterase, cholinergic nervous systém, anticholinergic drugs, acetylcholinesterase reactivators, anticonvulsive drugs.